Trafficking in human beings in the digital age – barrier to dignity, freedom and justice

This paper aims to explore the evolving dynamics of human trafficking, particularly focusing on how technology and the online environment have facilitated the expansion of this global crime. The objective is to analyse the role of digital platforms in transforming traffickers' operations and recruitment strategies, with an emphasis on emerging trends and technological solutions for prevention. Existing research has extensively examined human trafficking's exploitation for sexual and forced labour purposes, highlighting the growing involvement of women, girls, and men as victims. Additionally, international human rights law has long recognized human trafficking as a severe violation of fundamental rights. Previous studies have emphasized the significant economic gains traffickers accumulate, with annual profits estimated at $150 billion. The paper reviews current statistics and case studies to illustrate how traffickers have adapted to technological advancements, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the increasing abuse of online platforms and digital tools for recruitment, exploitation, and operational efficiency in human trafficking networks. Furthermore, the paper explores how technological advancements can be leveraged to strengthen legal frameworks and enhance prevention measures. Human trafficking remains pervasive, with 50% of victims exploited for sexual purposes and 38% for forced labour. A notable trend is the digital transformation of trafficking practices, spurred by the pandemic, which has increased traffickers' reach and sophistication. However, this trend also presents opportunities to deploy technology for countering trafficking. The findings underscore the urgent need for legal systems to adapt to the technological landscape. Policymakers and stakeholders must prioritize technology-driven prevention and detection mechanisms to address human trafficking effectively. This paper provides valuable insights into the intersection of technology and human trafficking, highlighting both the challenges and potential of digital tools in combating one of the world's most pressing human rights violations.